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This book presents four survey articles on various aspects of open quantum systems, specifically addressing quantum Markovian processes, Feller semigroups and nonequilibrium dynamics. The contributions are based on lectures given by distinguished experts at a summer school in Göttingen, Germany. Starting from basic notions, the authors of these lecture notes accompany the reader on a journey up to the latest research, highlighting new challenges and addressing unsolved problems at the interface between mathematics and physics. Though the book is primarily addressed to graduate students, it will also be of interest to researchers.

Probabilities. --- Quantum field theory. --- String theory. --- Functional analysis. --- Operator theory. --- Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes. --- Quantum Field Theories, String Theory. --- Functional Analysis. --- Operator Theory.

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Quantenmechanik zu Fuß führt in die Grundlagen der nicht-relativistischen Quantenmechanik ein. Das Buch wendet sich an Studierende des Lehramts Physik sowie alle Studierende der Physik, die einen angemessen leichten, frischen und modernen Einstieg in das Gebiet suchen. Nachdem im ersten Band die wesentlichen Prinzipien erarbeitet wurden, werden im vorliegenden zweiten Band Anwendungen und Erweiterungen besprochen. Neben Themen, die traditionell in Lehrbüchern der Quantenmechanik dargestellt werden wie Symmetrien oder Vielteilchensysteme, werden ausführlich aktuelle Aspekte wie Verschränkung, Bellsche Ungleichungen, Dekohärenz oder verschiedene Sachverhalte aus dem Bereich der Quanteninformation behandelt. Außerdem werden eingehend Grundlagenprobleme und erkenntnistheoretische Fragen erörtert, wie sie z.B. im Rahmen der Realismusdebatte auftreten. Ein Kapitel über Interpretationen der Quantenmechanik schließt diesen Band ab. Wiederum werden die benötigten mathematischen Hilfsmittel Schritt für Schritt eingeführt; gegebenenfalls wird im Anhang das wichtigste mathematische Rüstzeug kompakt gesammelt. Darüber hinaus werden im Anhang weiterführende Themen vertieft wie z.B. Lenzscher Vektor, Hardys Experiment und Shor-Algorithmus. Rund 130 Aufgaben, die meisten mit Lösungen.

Quantum physics. --- Quantum field theory. --- String theory. --- Science education. --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical. --- Quantum Physics. --- Quantum Field Theories, String Theory. --- Science Education. --- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry.

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Das Werk setzt sich kritisch mit dem Antirealismus in Philosophie und theoretischer Physik auseinander und plädiert für einen kritischen Realismus. Es werden antirealistische (konventionalistische, instrumentalistische, operationalistische, strukturalistische bzw. mathematisch platonistische) Positionen in der Philosophie (der Physik) kritisiert. Der Autor konfrontiert diese mit dem konsequent fallibilistischen Falsifikationismus des kritischen Realismus/Rationalismus und bildet das Ganze auf aktuelle Probleme der physikalischen Kosmologie ab. Dazu werden die Falsifizierbarkeit der Loop Quantum Cosmology (einer stark vereinfachten Form der Loop Quantum Gravity) sowie fehlende Testmöglichkeiten in der String- bzw. M-Theorie besprochen, aber z. B. auch Kontinuitäts-Ideen des String-Theoretikers David Tong sowie Martin Bojowalds Vereinigungs-Visionen bezüglich String- und Loop- Ansatz. Der Autor Norbert H. Hinterberger: Der Autor lebt als freier Schriftsteller in Hamburg (Schwerpunkt: Philosophie der Naturwissenschaften).

Physics. --- Epistemology. --- Gravitation. --- Quantum field theory. --- String theory. --- History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics. --- Epistemology. --- Classical and Quantum Gravitation, Relativity Theory. --- Quantum Field Theories, String Theory.

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This book furnishes a brief introduction to classical mirror symmetry, a term that denotes the process of computing Gromov–Witten invariants of a Calabi–Yau threefold by using the Picard–Fuchs differential equation of period integrals of its mirror Calabi–Yau threefold. The book concentrates on the best-known example, the quintic hypersurface in 4-dimensional projective space, and its mirror manifold. First, there is a brief review of the process of discovery of mirror symmetry and the striking result proposed in the celebrated paper by Candelas and his collaborators. Next, some elementary results of complex manifolds and Chern classes needed for study of mirror symmetry are explained. Then the topological sigma models, the A-model and the B-model, are introduced. The classical mirror symmetry hypothesis is explained as the equivalence between the correlation function of the A-model of a quintic hyper-surface and that of the B-model of its mirror manifold. On the B-model side, the process of construction of a pair of mirror Calabi–Yau threefold using toric geometry is briefly explained. Also given are detailed explanations of the derivation of the Picard–Fuchs differential equation of the period integrals and on the process of deriving the instanton expansion of the A-model Yukawa coupling based on the mirror symmetry hypothesis. On the A-model side, the moduli space of degree d quasimaps from CP^1 with two marked points to CP^4 is introduced, with reconstruction of the period integrals used in the B-model side as generating functions of the intersection numbers of the moduli space. Lastly, a mathematical justification for the process of the B-model computation from the point of view of the geometry of the moduli space of quasimaps is given. The style of description is between that of mathematics and physics, with the assumption that readers have standard graduate student backgrounds in both disciplines.

Mirror symmetry. --- Mathematics. --- Mathematical physics. --- Quantum field theory. --- String theory. --- Mathematical Physics. --- Quantum Field Theories, String Theory. --- Symmetry (Physics) --- Models, String --- String theory --- Nuclear reactions --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Field theory (Physics) --- Quantum theory --- Relativity (Physics) --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- Mathematics

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This volume collects the edited tutorial lectures given at The Second International Summer School in High Energy Physics in Mgla, Turkey, in September 2006 - an annual event with international participation and a special focus on work done in the regions of central Asia. With emphasis on the standard model and beyond, lectures were devoted to presenting an introduction and update to many of the relevant topics, such as chiral perturbation theory, the Higgs mechanism, heavy flavour and b physics, CP violation, the AdS/CFT correspondence, ideas on grand unification and neutrino physics and astrophysics.

Standard model (Nuclear physics) --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Quantum theory. --- Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory. --- Quantum Field Theories, String Theory. --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Elementary particles (Physics). --- Quantum field theory. --- String theory. --- Models, String --- String theory --- Nuclear reactions --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Field theory (Physics) --- Quantum theory --- Relativity (Physics) --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons --- Nuclear physics